Regarding the life-and-death problem of air purification, the slogan of the manufacturer sounds always suspicious. Negative ion technology, electrostatic dust collection, HEPA, activated carbon, light plasma, negative oxygen ions, etc. These names are varied and difficult to understand. In fact, many consumers only care about one question - are they really effective?
Of course, more problems will follow: With the door constantly switching, can the effectiveness of the air purifier be maintained? How much air can be really inhaled by the air purified by the large purifier at the corner of the room? What is the fresh air system, can it replace the air purifier?
The reporter contacted Jovan Pantelic, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, and CTO of Sprimo, a Silicon Valley air purification company, and Han Chunxiao, a Ph.D. in Chemistry at New York University. They talked about some myths about the air purification industry and the new winds in Silicon Valley.
Myth 1: Negative ions can purify PM2.5?
There are many common air purification technologies on the market today. These five types are more common: negative ions, electrostatic dust collection, photocatalysts, HEPA filters and activated carbon filters.
Negative ions are one of the most controversial. Its principle is to degrade it into non-polluting chemical products by actively reacting with pollutants outside the machine. Negative ion technology is the "main battlefield" of air purification marketing in recent years. Many air purification products claim to have "ion release function". However, negative ions are really amazing for air purification.
"The unanimous attitude of American academics is that negative ions are not the best choice for air purification," Dr. Pantelic told reporters.
It has two drawbacks: First, the ability to clean air is not outstanding. "Probably only effective within 30-40cm, the effect will soon disappear as the distance increases," Dr. Pantelic explained.
Second, they react chemically with gases in the air, and when the temperature is too high, the temperature is too low, or there are other reactive materials in the air, the "secondary organic aerosols" produced by these chemical reactions may be more than originally. The removed product is also "poisoned" several times.
For Chinese consumers suffering from smog, this is especially important: negative ions may have some effect on bacteria, mold, volatile organic compounds (ie formaldehyde, benzene, etc.), however it is almost ineffective for PM2.5. .
Myth 2: "Electrostatic dust collection" and "photocatalyst" are safe and reliable?
The "electrostatic dust collection", which also utilizes the ionization principle, is not completely reliable. It has a certain difference from the negative ion technology: it generally traps pollutants in the machine, first uses the high-voltage electricity to make the dust negatively charged, and then uses the positively-charged dust collecting device to absorb the dust.
However, like negative ions, it also introduces unpredictable chemical reactions that can cause harmful gases. In addition, "there is no need to scrub the device from time to time, the adsorption capacity of the board will be weak," Han Chunxiao said. In this way, the charged dust will "escape" into the air. These sticky air will encounter what is sticky, and when it sticks to the wall, it creates a "black wall phenomenon."
"The worst case is that the charged dust is sucked into the lungs and will stick to the lungs, which is difficult to clean out." Han Chunxiao explained to reporters.
In addition, electrostatic dust collection technology and negative ion technology have a common defect: ozone may be harmful to human body.
The official documents reported by the US Environmental Protection Agency and US consumers have all pointed out the harm of ozone to the human body. Although the concentration of ozone generated by the negative ion generator is limited according to the test of the Shanghai Consumer Council, there is no clear ozone concentration limit in the world. Therefore, ASHRAE (American Association of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) urges everyone to adopt ozone-free production. Purification technology.
Photocatalyst technology also brings a lot of unpredictable chemical reactions. This purification method refers to the irradiation of TiO2 (titanium dioxide) nanoparticles with ultraviolet rays, and these nanoparticles regenerate hydroxide radicals. OH, and use it to react with toxic gases and bacteria to complete degradation.
“When discussing photocatalyst, one thing is often overlooked,†Han Chunxiao said. “That is the wind speed.â€
For this complete chemical purification method, when dirty air flows at a slower speed,? OH has enough time to react. But large purifiers on the market often pursue large amounts of wind, which is caused by it? The OH reaction is incomplete - in addition to water and carbon dioxide, it produces other harmful products.
"In addition, titanium dioxide is in nano-forms. It will leave the main board and float in the air for a long time," said Han Chunxiao. "The impact of nano-materials on human health has not been solved in the scientific community. It is a hidden danger."
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