The full name of ADAS is Advance Driver Assistant System, which translates into advanced driver assistance system. Nowadays, the common ADAS functions that have entered the field include LDWS lane departure warning, BSD blind spot monitoring, and ACC adaptive cruise. Many 300,000 cars are now equipped with these systems, such as the high version of Mondeo and Camry.
The functional application of ADAS is not limited to some specific functions. It is a system that can add a lot of functions.
The core drivers of ADAS development
ADAS is a car safety electronic system. Its function is to warn the driver when a dangerous situation is discovered during driving, and even directly intervene in vehicle control before braking, to brake and avoid. There are three core drivers of its development.
1, safety is the most basic needs of people
Safety has always been the most important issue in the history of modern automobile development. Therefore, the basic needs of people for safety and the increasingly safe requirements for automobiles are the most fundamental driving factors for the development of ADAS.
2. The rise of intelligent waves
Nowadays, all kinds of electronic products have penetrated into our lives more and more. In addition, there are fewer and fewer innovations in the traditional machinery of the automobile industry. Therefore, many machine factories have spent a lot of time on innovation in the electronicization of automobiles to seek differentiated competitive advantages. Everyone should always feel this when they look at the car. Every new car comes out with a lot of new electronic functions.
3. Policy requirements
This is especially true in Western countries, such as the FMVSS regulations in the United States, as well as the European EEC and ECE regulations, which are mandatory in the form of regulations to require automotive assembly safety systems.
How ADAS works
The working principle is to collect road surface information through various sensors installed in the car, analyze the road surface condition through image processing, image analysis and other technologies, and make early warning and intervention vehicle control when the dangerous situation is found.
The composition of the ADAS system is mainly divided into three parts: sensor, ECU, and actuator.
The sensor is mainly used to collect data on the road environment of the road. The ECU part is the control unit that analyzes and processes the data collected by the sensor to determine the driving condition and road condition. When the controller determines that there is a dangerous situation, it outputs a control signal to the actuator, and the actuator performs the corresponding safety prevention action.
There are many types of ADAS sensors, mainly laser radar, millimeter wave radar, ultrasonic radar, infrared, and camera. Depending on the sensor, ADAS can be divided into several technical solution categories, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
The laser radar scheme has the advantages of high directionality, high measurement accuracy and long working distance, but its disadvantages are also obvious. Because the laser is greatly affected by water vapor in rainy and foggy days, the measurement performance will be greatly reduced, so its applicable weather conditions Will be more affected, in addition, the price of laser radar is also relatively high (relative to other programs).
The millimeter wave radar scheme uses electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of millimeters to measure the driving environment. The measurement distance is far, and the influence of bad weather such as rain and fog is smaller than that of the laser radar. These are the advantages of the millimeter wave radar scheme, but the millimeter wave radar pair Non-metallic objects such as pedestrians, as well as the detection capabilities of some smaller obstacles, are still relatively weak.
There is also an ultrasonic solution. The ultrasonic solution is the principle of using sound waves. Its action distance is shorter than that of radar and laser light. At present, it is used more in reversing radar. Infrared is mainly used for night vision.
Finally, let's talk about the camera solution. This is also the current startup company has done a lot. The camera solution is to use the camera, or machine vision, to collect image data around the road, and then use the algorithm to process, identify, and analyze the image data to determine the condition of the vehicle and make a dangerous warning. Compared with laser radar and millimeter wave radar, the camera solution has certain advantages in terms of comprehensive performance and cost price. Therefore, it is also a direction that most companies are doing. Tesla's autonomous driving provider Mobileye is also the main camera solution.
But no matter which solution, there are certain defects, so in the high-end luxury car, we see that ADAS is a multi-sensor fusion solution, taking advantage of various sensors. The relatively low-end car, taking into account the cost factor, the use of camera solutions.
Some understanding of ADAS investment opportunities
The entire automobile supply chain system is very closed compared to other industries. Japanese cars have Japanese car supply point systems, such as Toyota and Denso, American cars and Delphi, European cars, BMW and Bosch, and mainland China.
It is relatively difficult for auto parts suppliers in different systems to enter the whole machine factory of another system.
Another aspect is the front and rear loading market. In the pre-installation market, ADAS involves parts and components of automotive safety performance. The various tests and inspection procedures that need to be passed to the complete machine factory are very long, and generally take 3, 5 years or even longer.
In addition, in order to become a complete machine factory, or a supplier of TIer1, there are often requirements to pass TS16949 certification.
Therefore, for startups, if they want to directly enter the pre-installation market, the difficulties will be larger and the cycle will be longer.
We also see that many domestic startups are starting from the aftermarket, because the requirements of the aftermarket are much less than the predecessor, and the barriers to entering the market are much less.
But in general, with reference to the development of security systems such as ABS and esp, the penetration rate of ADAS in the future will definitely be higher and higher. Therefore, the ability to enter the pre-installation market is critical.
In the post-installation market, UBI insurance has a gradual development trend in China. Now many UBI insurance data sources use OBD to collect data. The data collected by OBD is actually incomplete. There are still many shortcomings in evaluating drivers' driving habits. Therefore, UBI insurance is a good entry point for ADAS in the aftermarket. In addition, with reference to the development of Mobileye, industry customers (such as car rental companies such as Shenzhou Car Rental) also have a greater chance of entry.
From the product point of view, the core technologies of ADAS, including sensors, algorithms, and the underlying operating platform, and many other sensors have ready-made companies to do computing platforms, requiring strong IC design capabilities, currently in China. Seeing that there are fewer companies doing ADAS chips.
Most startups focus on the algorithm level, and many chips use general-purpose chips. For companies doing algorithms, algorithm models, etc. are not the most difficult, and the difficulty is recognition, accuracy, and so on. This requires a large amount of data accumulation to continuously optimize the algorithm. Therefore, when judging a company that is an algorithm, its data accumulation is an important reference indicator. It is your algorithm, how many miles it runs in the car. What types of roads have been run, what weather has passed, and so on.
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