Huang Haodong Suzhou Changshu Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau 215500 is becoming more and more abundant, providing many conveniences in the lives of the majority of residents. As electronic products enter more and more aspects of people's lives, the quality of electronic products and the development cycle of their products 3. The listing cycle of products is increasingly valued by various electronic product developers. In this article, we will look at how the modern electronic products are gradually changed from the aspect of automobile electronicization, and use the ABS anti-lock brake system that everyone is familiar with, but most people do not know why. Controlled process.
Automobile electronics is considered to be a revolution in the development of automobile technology. The degree of automobile electronics is regarded as an important symbol to measure the level of modern automobiles. It is the most important technical measure used to develop new models and improve automobile performance. Automakers believe that increasing the number of automotive electronic devices and promoting automotive electronics are important and effective means to capture the future automotive market.
According to statistics, from 1989 to 2004, the average electronic device on each vehicle accounted for the proportion of the entire car manufacturing cost increased from 16% to more than 25%. In some luxury commercial cars, the number of single-chip microcomputer CPUs is more, which has reached 48, and electronic products account for more than 50% of the cost of the entire vehicle. At present, the application of electronic technology has penetrated almost all of the cars. Systems, electronic doors and windows, power steering, and today's technologically advanced electronic global positioning.
According to the impact on the driving performance of automobiles, automotive electronic products can be classified into two categories: the first category is automotive electronic control devices, which need to be used in conjunction with the on-board mechanical system, that is, the so-called "electromechanical combination" of automobiles Electronic devices' they include engine, chassis, body electronic control. For example, electronic fuel injection system, brake anti-lock control, anti-skid control, traction control, electronically controlled suspension, electronically controlled automatic transmission, electronic power steering, etc. The other category is on-board automotive electronic devices. Electronic devices that can be used independently in the environment are not directly related to the performance of the car itself.
They include car information systems (driving computers), navigation systems, car audio and TV entertainment systems, in-vehicle communication systems, Internet devices, etc. At present, the development direction of electronic technology is toward centralized integrated control: the engine management system and the automatic transmission control system are integrated into the integrated control of the power transmission system (PCM); the brake anti-lock brake control system (ABS) and the traction control system ( TCS) and the drive anti-skid control system (AS2) are integrated for brake control; through the central chassis controller, the brake, suspension, steering, power transmission and other control systems are connected through the bus. The controller coordinates various subsystems through complex control operations to control the vehicle's driving performance to an optimal level, forming an integrated chassis control system (UCC). Speaking of which, the ABS anti-lock brake system is an out-of-the-box fully electronic automatic control system, so how does it electronically design and operate to achieve the anti-lock brake function? In movies, you can often see such a lens: car After chasing each other, an obstacle suddenly appeared in front of the driver, the driver braked urgently, the wheels dragged the ground and made a harsh noise, the car wobbled, no matter how the driver played the steering wheel, he did not listen to the command, and sometimes rushed to the sidewalk and knocked down the pedestrian And hawkers. This is what cars with ordinary brakes often encounter. In this type of car, when emergency braking, the four wheels are completely locked. At this time, as long as the car is under a slight lateral force, such as a sloping road or the ground. A small stone), there will be a side slip, the car will swing sharply, or even turn around completely; and even more dangerous is that when the car is driving on a curve, the car will lose its steering ability due to the front wheel locking, and then turn the steering wheel Although it can also steer the front wheels, the lack of attachment of the wheels prevents the car from turning. Instead, it moves turbulently in the inertial direction until it stops. According to statistics, when the car suddenly encounters a situation and brakes, more than 90% of the drivers often step on the brake pedal to a sudden brake. At this time, the car is very prone to slip and side slip, that is, People commonly call it "tail flicking", which is a phenomenon that is very easy to cause car accidents. There are many reasons for the side slip of the car, such as driving speed, ground conditions, tire structure, etc., will cause side slip, but the most fundamental reason is that the rolling friction between the wheel tire and the ground during the emergency braking of the car will suddenly become a sliding friction, tire At the moment, the driver's grip is almost lost, and at this moment the driver will be useless despite twisting the steering wheel. In response to the root cause of this side slip phenomenon, automotive experts have developed a set of anti-skid braking devices such as ABS for vehicles. The advent of this system was written to change the car because of wheel lock, and the Chinese meaning is anti-lock. The braking device, as the name suggests, is a device that prevents the wheels from locking when braking. Its working principle is: when the wheel brakes, the sensor or speed radar installed on the wheel can immediately detect whether the wheel is locked, and transmit the signal to the computer. For the locked wheel, the computer immediately reduces the wheel's The braking force, the wheels continue to rotate, to a certain degree, the computer controls its application of brakes, to ensure that the wheels are not braked and will not be locked, and this is repeated until the car stops completely. During the braking process, when the electronic control device determines that there is a wheel tending to lock according to the wheel speed signal input by the wheel speed sensor, ABS enters the anti-lock braking pressure adjustment process, and the computer performs a few seconds on the wheel Hundreds of detections and simultaneous braking operations on the braking system dozens or even hundreds of times, that is, non-stop instant braking, to ensure non-stop operation without tire lock. Here, electronic devices play the role of full control.
These are the application of electronic technology in automobile braking. The application of electronic technology has caused the following major changes in the car: The main aspect is that the mechanical structure of the car has undergone major changes, because electronic technology has already penetrated into the various operations of the car. And the mechanical control transmission system, the electronic operation of the car and the development of the electric drive, to achieve "electronic control." Replace the original mechanical transmission mechanism with wires, such as "wire brake", "wire steering", "electronic throttle", etc. Of course, with the increasing number of automotive electronic devices, the power consumption is increasing dramatically. The existing 12-volt power supply can not meet the needs of all electrical systems on the car. In the future, the integrated starter-generator 42-volt power supply system will be used. The maximum output power of the generator will be increased from the current 1 kW to about 8 kW, and the power generation efficiency will reach more than 80%. The implementation of the new standard for 42-volt automotive electrical systems will cause major changes in the design and structure of existing automotive electrical components. Existing mechanical relays and fuse protection circuits will be eliminated in the near future. At the same time, the application of automotive electronic technology will make cars more intelligent. Smart cars are equipped with a variety of sensors, which can fully sense the status of drivers and passengers, traffic facilities and surrounding environment information, determine whether the occupants are in the best condition, whether vehicles and people are in danger, and take corresponding measures in a timely manner. Today, society has entered the era of information networks. People hope that cars are not only a means of transportation, but also that cars are an extension of the scope of life and work. In cars, it is like staying in your own office and home, you can listen Broadcast, make phone calls, access the Internet, and handle work. With the advancement of digital technology, cars will also enter the era of electronic multimedia. The in-vehicle computer multimedia system developed using the windows operating system has functions of information processing, communication, navigation, anti-spokenness, language recognition, image display and entertainment. In the foreseeable future, the car device automatically navigates and assists the driving system. The driver can input the driving destination into the car computer, and the car will travel along the best driving route to reach the destination. People can use the language recognition system to manipulate various facilities in the car, while driving the car, while enjoying music and television, and can also reserve tables, air tickets, etc. online.
Not only in electromechanical control, but also in other automated controls, it also brings great changes to our lives. It is not only limited to civilian applications, but also applied to a large number of high-tech space technologies, including satellite communications. , Microwave remote sensing, satellite measurement and control, data transmission and processing, electromagnetic environment and reliability, aerospace material technology, space materials, space station and manned spaceflight, etc., the application of GPS realizes real-time communication between satellites in space and electronic equipment on the ground , To provide us with corresponding information services, mainly to accurately locate and remotely monitor the receiving equipment on the ground. The military development of electronic equipment has also promoted the emergence of electronic countermeasure equipment. Its purpose is to weaken and destroy the effectiveness of the other party ’s electronic equipment and to ensure the effectiveness of its own electronic equipment. With the development of ballistic missiles and satellites, outer space is a new On the battlefield, electronic countermeasures will play an important role in strategic offense and defense in the future modern information warfare.
These are the changes brought about by the application of electronic technology in automobiles. The rapid development of modern electronic technology, electronic and information technology are impacting all corners of our lives. In the future, more advanced technologies will continue to be applied to our life.
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