With the deepening of energy conservation and environmental protection concepts, countries attach great importance to the development of new energy vehicles. Under the guidance of a series of support policies, the investment in research and development of new energy vehicles by automobile companies has been increasing, and the technical level of new energy vehicles will be accelerated. In the future, with the continuous application of new technologies and new materials in new energy vehicles, there is still much room for improvement in the technical level of new energy vehicles. This article focuses on the development trend of new energy automotive motors, the technical performance of automotive motors and the testing methods of new energy motors.
With the deepening of energy conservation and environmental protection concepts, countries attach great importance to the development of new energy vehicles. Under the guidance of a series of support policies, the investment in research and development of new energy vehicles by automobile companies has been increasing, and the technical level of new energy vehicles will be accelerated. In the future, with the continuous application of new technologies and new materials in new energy vehicles, there is still much room for improvement in the technical level of new energy vehicles. This article focuses on the development trend of new energy automotive motors, the technical performance of automotive motors and the testing methods of new energy motors.
First, the development trend of new energy automotive motorsCompared with the history of the development of traditional fuel vehicles for more than 100 years, new energy vehicles are still in the early stages of development. However, the current technological changes in new energy vehicles are changing with each passing day. On the one hand, the existing new energy vehicle products have been continuously improved and innovated, and the technological level has been greatly improved. On the other hand, the application of new materials and new technologies in new energy vehicles has accelerated, and new types have been promoted. Products are constantly coming out. The core components of the new energy vehicle's drive system are divided into three major blocks: battery, motor controller, and motor. The performance of the three determines the final performance of the power output of the new energy vehicle. The performance of the motor determines the performance of the entire drive system. At present, the most widely used types of new energy motors: such as AC asynchronous motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, DC motors, switched reluctance motors, etc., the application of AC asynchronous motors in foreign countries is relatively mature, such as Tesla, and domestic new energy vehicles. The manufacturers mainly use permanent magnet synchronous motor applications, especially for passenger vehicles. In addition, the current pure electric new energy vehicles, in addition to the single drive motor solution, there are also multi-axis drive solutions such as dual-motor four-wheel drive, hub motor drive, wheel-side motor drive, etc., are the future development direction. The new energy motor's constant power range, starting torque, speed regulation capability, power density, efficiency, reliability and other characteristics are becoming more and more concerned, and it is also an important indicator to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of new energy motors. At this stage, new energy vehicles, especially passenger car motors, tend to develop in the direction of high speed, high efficiency and high stability.
In recent years, major domestic and foreign auto companies stepped up the pace of new energy vehicle models on the market, have introduced a more mature new energy passenger cars, consumers can choose models growing, market competition becoming increasingly fierce, accelerated the new improved energy motor technology, which is a direction of increasing speed, new energy passenger cars, the advantage of high speed as follows:
For new energy motors, high speed, high power density and small size are suitable for new energy vehicles.
Small moment of inertia, fast dynamic response, good peak speed performance.
l No speed reduction mechanism, high efficiency and low noise.
The higher the speed of the new energy motor, the higher the relative power. When the motor starts, the output torque is large, the response is faster, and the acceleration performance is better. For example, companies such as BYD and Changan Automobile propose that the acceleration time of the new energy vehicle model is less than 5 seconds. Performance is generally higher than existing conventional cars of the same class. In general, new energy vehicles are driven by electric motors, and the acceleration performance has inherent advantages. With the improvement of the technical level, the new energy motor speed is getting higher and higher, and the acceleration time of new energy vehicles will be greatly reduced in the future, and the acceleration is extremely sharp.
At the same time, with the increase of the speed of new energy motors, the power density is increased, the efficiency is getting higher and higher, and the motor efficiency range is wider, as shown below.
From the development of new energy vehicle motors, the speed will be higher and higher, the peak speed will be higher, and the difficulty of overspeed testing will increase. According to the motor test standard, the speed test method is as follows:
l Test purpose:
Check the installation quality of the motor, the mechanical strength of the part of the experimental rotor subjected to the release force and the mechanical strength of the bearing at overspeed.
l Test method:
In the case of no-load operation of the tested electric machine, use the motor controller under test to make the motor run at a constant speed of 1.2 times, and operate under this condition for no less than 2 min. Or the motor under test is not energized, and it runs at a constant speed of 1.2 times at the maximum speed of the dynamometer, and also runs under this condition for no less than 2 minutes.
At present, the peak speed of domestic new energy passenger car motor is more than 12000 rpm. With the rapid development of new energy motor, the peak speed will be higher and higher. The new energy vehicle motor test system launched by Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics has a peak speed of up to 20000rpm. In accordance with the latest test standard GB/T18488-2015 of the new energy motor, the most comprehensive and accurate test of the new energy motor is realized.
Electric vehicles are undoubtedly one of the most popular products. The world's major auto manufacturers are highly competitive. China's overall development level of new energy vehicles is close to that of foreign countries. The self-developed electric drive system performance can meet the demonstration batch prototype. Need, and the difference lies in the process of assembly of new energy vehicles. The quality of the motor directly determines the performance of the whole vehicle. It is an important factor for the distance between the various manufacturers. Therefore, the testing of new energy motors is crucial.
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