A large number of non-linear load devices are used, resulting in voltage waveform distortion, low power factor, voltage waveform and flicker, and three-phase unbalanced power quality problems. At the same time, high-precision equipment and computer equipment require power supply to the distribution network. The higher the rate, the more effective how to solve the power quality problem has become a key research direction in the power industry...
First, the definition and influence of reactive power
When the AC power passes through the pure resistance, the electric energy is converted into thermal energy, and when the pure capacitive or pure inductive load is passed, the work is not performed. That is to say, no power is consumed, that is, reactive power. Of course, the actual load, it can not be a pure capacitive load or a purely inductive load, generally a mixed load, so that when the current passes through it, some of the electric energy does not work, that is, reactive power. Reactive power refers to the power component formed when a current flows through a capacitive reactance (XC) or an inductive reactance (XL) when there is a phase difference between the voltage U and the current I in the AC circuit.
This power can cause voltage drop (inductive reactance) or voltage rise (capacitive reactance) and Joule (resistance heat) loss in the power grid, but can not make effective work.
Second, the classification of reactive power
Inductive reactive power: The current vector lags behind the voltage vector by 90°, such as motors, transformers, thyristor converter devices, etc. Capacitive reactive power: The current vector leads the voltage vector by 90°, such as capacitors and cable transmission and distribution lines. Fundamental reactive: reactive (50HZ) equal to the power supply frequency. Harmonic reactive: reactive power that is not equal to the power frequency.
Third, the definition of reactive power compensation
A substation in a power system or a reactive power source installed directly in a power consumer substation to change the flow of reactive power in the power system, thereby increasing the voltage level of the power system, reducing network losses, and improving the power system The dynamic performance of this technical measure is called reactive power compensation. In the power system, not only the active power should be balanced, but also the reactive power should be balanced.
Figure 1, reactive power compensation map
Fourth, common methods and methods of reactive power compensation
1. Common methods of reactive power compensation
Shunt capacitor bank
A power capacitor is a static reactive power compensation device. Its main function is to provide reactive power to the power system and improve the power factor. The use of local reactive power compensation can reduce the transmission current of the transmission line, play an important role in reducing line energy loss and pressure drop, improving power quality and improving equipment utilization.
Figure 2, capacitor group
(2) Static var compensator
The static var compensator is a dynamic reactive power compensation device that has no rotating parts and is fast, smooth and controllable. It uses a controllable reactor in parallel with a power capacitor (fixed or group switching). The capacitor can emit reactive power (capacitive), and the controllable reactor can absorb reactive power (inductive). By adjusting the reactor, the entire device can be smoothly changed from the reactive power to the absorbed reactive power (or reversed), and the response is fast.
(3) Synchronous compensation
A synchronous motor that operates in the state of a motor without a mechanical load or a prime mover, but only supplies or absorbs reactive power to the power system. Used to improve grid power factor and maintain grid voltage level.
2. The way of reactive power compensation
(1) Centralized compensation: installed on the 6~35KV busbar of the enterprise or local total substation, which can reduce the reactive power loss of the high-voltage line and improve the power supply voltage quality of the substation.
(2) Decentralized compensation: installed on the high-voltage or low-voltage busbar of the workshop or village terminal change and power distribution station with low power factor. This method has the same advantages as centralized compensation, but the reactive capacity is small and the effect is obvious.
(3) Local compensation: Installed near the asynchronous motor or inductive electrical equipment, and compensated in situ. This method can not only improve the power factor of the power supply circuit of the electrical equipment, but also change the voltage quality of the electrical equipment.
Five, the role of reactive power compensation
Improve the power factor of the user, thereby improving the utilization of the power supply equipment; reducing the active power loss of the power network. Reasonably control the reactive power flow of the power system, thereby improving the voltage level of the power system, improving the power quality, and improving the anti-interference ability of the power system. On the dynamic reactive power compensation device, the proper regulator can be configured to improve the dynamic performance of the power system and improve the transmission capacity and stability of the transmission line. The installation of a static var compensator (SVS) also improves the voltage waveform of the grid, reduces harmonic components and solves the problem of negative sequence currents. Capacitors, cables, motors, transformers, etc., can also avoid additional power loss and local overheating caused by higher harmonics.
Sixth, the conclusion
The Power Quality Analyzer is a professional measurement tool for measuring, recording, and analyzing power quality problems in the power grid.
It can not only measure active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, displacement power factor, but also capture common power quality problems such as harmonics, voltage fluctuations, flicker, power and three-phase imbalance at the fault site. Performance assessment and governance decisions for power quality for smart grids, new energy, electrified railways and large industrial users.
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