With the transformation of the power system, the scale, structure, and types of facilities within the power grid have evolved significantly. Additionally, management requirements have also changed, necessitating improvements in existing reliability management practices for transmission networks. This paper explores the methods and systems used for reliability performance management in transmission grids across China and North America. It also compares the challenges faced by China's transmission network reliability management and outlines future development directions under the evolving power reform environment. The insights provided offer valuable references for improving reliability management in China.
The transmission network plays a crucial role in the power system, as it is responsible for transmitting electricity while ensuring safety and reliability. An essential metric for evaluating the performance of a transmission system is its ability to maintain functionality despite random equipment failures. This capability reflects not only the level of system design, operation, and maintenance but also the quality of the equipment itself. For China, where long-distance energy transmission is critical, the evaluation of transmission network performance is particularly important.
Globally, the performance evaluation of transmission grids begins with the reliability management of power transmission and transformation facilities. In North America, the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) divides the reliability performance of the transmission network into two parts: the reliability of the transmission and transformation facilities and the reliability of the transmission system itself. The latter is further broken down into transmission capacity and transmission service capability. In contrast, China’s current approach focuses primarily on facility-level reliability management. However, in 2010, State Grid Corporation integrated transmission capacity indicators into its management framework, enhancing data collection and evaluation systems. With the rapid growth of renewable energy and the ongoing power market reforms, the demand for higher reliability in transmission grids has increased. Regulatory authorities and power companies now place greater emphasis on reliability, making effective management more critical than ever.
Domestic scholars have conducted research based on international experiences, such as the North American transmission capacity evaluation index. Studies like [1] have adapted these frameworks to suit China's grid characteristics, improving the reliability evaluation system for loop-based transmission systems. Reference [2] proposed a connection evaluation price index tailored to China's conditions, while [3] compared reliability performance indicators used in North America and the UK. Despite these efforts, most domestic systems remain closely aligned with the North American model, lacking sufficient depth in analyzing the problems and needs of existing management systems.
This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of domestic and international transmission network reliability performance management. It highlights the differences between Chinese and foreign systems, identifies existing issues in China, and discusses the needs for future reliability management under the power reform context. It also outlines key technologies required for improved management.
Currently, China’s transmission network reliability management is still in the stage of facility-level reliability management. The "Power Transmission and Distribution Facilities Reliability Evaluation Procedures," issued in 2003 and revised in 2012, guide the reliability of various grid companies. In 2010, State Grid Corporation introduced the concept of a transmission system loop, linking 13 types of facilities to three major loops. A reliability information management system was established, later integrated into the Production Management System (PMS), enabling full-process management of facilities and operations. These systems combine asset lifecycle management research, allowing for scientific historical data analysis and forward-looking risk assessments.
In North America, NERC manages transmission facilities with voltages above 200kV, setting reliability standards and overseeing their implementation. Data collection involves two phases: automatic reporting of outages and manual entry of planned outages, reflecting both natural and human factors affecting reliability. NERC publishes annual reports, providing data to improve system reliability and internal reports for transmission companies.
Future trends in North American reliability management include centralized management, market-oriented approaches, and a shift from single indicators to comprehensive evaluations. The focus is moving from transmission network reliability to overall power system reliability, with an increasing emphasis on risk assessment.
Comparing China and North America, differences exist in facility status classification, reliability evaluation indicators, and failure cause categorization. While China’s reliability levels are generally higher, there are notable gaps in data accuracy, standardization, and depth of analysis. Issues such as insufficient supervision, misalignment between management objectives and functions, and inadequate integration of reliability and economic considerations remain significant challenges.
Under the influence of power reforms, the need for reliable and cost-effective transmission networks has become more pressing. Asset lifecycle management is gaining importance, requiring improved reliability performance management that aligns with both regulatory and enterprise needs. Key areas for improvement include ensuring data authenticity, enhancing coordination between regulatory and operational levels, refining evaluation systems, and implementing closed-loop management for reliability.
In conclusion, this paper provides a detailed analysis of China's transmission network reliability performance and compares it with advanced international practices. It identifies key challenges and proposes future directions, offering valuable insights for the continuous improvement of reliability management systems.
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