If the new hydropower station is simply built to meet the demand for electricity, it will seriously damage the natural ecological environment on which humans depend. If more coal or oil-fired power stations are built, it will make the already endangered coal and oil. The reserves are quickly exhausted and depleted in advance. By then, human beings will face a real crisis if they have not yet effectively broken through new energy supply technologies, such as nuclear fusion power generation and renewable energy generation. At present, the main ways to deal with the energy crisis are to effectively save energy; the second is to rapidly develop renewable natural energy generation technologies such as solar energy and wind energy. Saving energy and electricity-using equipment and engineering energy-saving design has become one of the themes of current social development. The use of renewable energy has become a top priority.
This paper introduces the concept of "integrated lighting cost", taking the application of solar lighting in garden scenic lighting as an example, discusses the application points and development direction of solar energy technology, and reveals the positive significance of solar energy in garden lighting. . The solar cells, energy storage devices, control systems and LED light sources in solar energy utilization are discussed. The factors affecting the economic benefits of solar energy utilization are analyzed, which provides useful for accelerating the utilization of solar energy and realizing social and economic benefits. Ideas.
1 Analysis of indicators for long-term economic input of lighting projects
1.1 The concept of “comprehensive lighting costs†in a universal sense
In order to scientifically and reasonably analyze and compare the long-term economic investment of any energy-saving lighting project, here we first give the concept of "comprehensive lighting cost" in a general sense. Its definition is as follows:
“Integrated lighting cost = initial investment + running power consumption cost + light source replacement cost + other maintenance costsâ€
The “Integrated Lighting Cost†can be analyzed and compared with the economic investment of energy-saving lighting projects based on calculations of 5 years, 10 years, 20 years, and 25 years. In the following example, we temporarily analyze the 10-year period based on the current general situation of the overall life of the luminaire. For the sake of simplicity, the "other maintenance costs" item is omitted.
1.2 Economic analysis and comparison of conventional lamps and solar lamps in a tourist garden scenic spot
According to the area of ​​green garden landscape, and the rich layout of hills, rivers, creeks, winding paths, trunk roads, lawns and other resources, the simple night lighting needs to install 100 garden lights, garden lights 200. Only need to use multi-core cable about 9000m. We first analyze the cost of using ordinary lamps and solar lamps (as shown in Table 1 to Table 7, where Tables 1 to 3 are the costs of traditional garden lights and garden lights; Tables 4 to 6 are solar garden lights. And the cost of garden lights; Table 7 compares the economics of traditional and solar lamps).
According to the data analysis of Table 1 to Table 7, the following four preliminary conclusions can be drawn:
(1) In the garden view in this example, it seems that the “integrated lighting cost†of solar lamps compared with traditional lamps seems to be roughly equivalent or slightly saved.
(2) Another important advantage of applying solar energy in open or outdoor lighting is that it saves cable investment. In the open air or outdoor lighting conditions, the benefits of using solar energy, in addition to high savings in grid power, can also significantly reduce the investment in high transmission cables, which will help save non-ferrous metals. For outdoor lighting or road lighting projects with large cable usage in conventional lighting, the feasibility of using solar integrated lighting should be considered first, because this will save a lot of cable investment and should be given high priority.
(3) Another important advantage of applying solar energy in open or outdoor lighting is to save investment in electrical control boxes. Since the integrated solar luminaire is adopted, the single lamp automatic control is realized, thereby saving the transmission and distribution control box necessary in the traditional grid power supply system, and generally contributing to saving investment.
(4) The investment in saving “initial investment†in the “initial investment†in the garden scenic area, the “operational power consumption cost†and the “light source replacement cost†are the key factors to reduce the “integrated lighting cost†of the solar lighting system. In the above example, the balance of the “integrated lighting cost†of solar lamps or the “integrated lighting cost†of traditional lamps is mainly due to the saving of cable investment in “initial investment†and ten years of “operational consumptionâ€. Inputs for electricity costs and "light source replacement costs".
In fact, this is just the conclusion of an intuitive analysis of the examples provided.
In the above conclusions, the conclusions of the second, third and fourth articles are obviously unquestionable. However, for the first conclusion, the actual situation may not be so simple. In the case of various different or unfavorable specific situations, inversion may occur.
2 Analysis of the use of solar energy in tourist gardens
Solar lamps achieve the use of renewable energy, the first purpose is to save grid power, to save the increasingly scarce one-time resources, such as: coal or fuel consumption, while reducing pollution emissions to purify the human living environment. This is a social benefit. However, the application of solar energy needs a strong economic role, or economic temptation, that is, it is necessary to save electricity and save money, and really reduce the "comprehensive lighting cost." Realize both social and economic benefits.
Obviously, people will not be controversial about the social benefits of using solar lamps to save grid power and reduce environmental pollution. However, can the comprehensive economic benefits of applying solar lamps be consistently superior to the “integrated lighting costs†of traditional lamps under various application conditions? At the current state of the art, there may still be many variables. We will analyze it in detail below.
2.1 The reduction of cable investment, “running power consumption†and “light source replacement cost†in the “initial investment†of garden scenic lighting depends on the size of the garden scenic area. It can be seen from the above examples that in the garden scenic area, due to the large area, more lamps, longer cables, and saved "cable input", "running power consumption cost" and "light source replacement cost" are large, During the annual operation, the “integrated lighting cost†of solar lamps and traditional lamps is roughly equal. In other words, the economic benefits of total investment are not significant, although the social benefits are positive.
Accordingly, for gardens with smaller areas and fewer lights, the economic benefits of using solar lamps must be inferior to traditional lamps. The main reason is that the current price of solar lamps itself is relatively high, resulting in a large investment for the first time. It is still not enough to offset the price difference of solar lamps without relying on cables and future electricity bills, and cannot reduce the "integrated lighting costs."
2.2 The life of solar panels and batteries is the “bottleneck†for reducing “integrated lighting costsâ€
In the above example, we have not yet covered the life of solar panels and batteries. In fact, this is an important issue that cannot be avoided.
2.2.1 Solar panels
Nowadays, the factors affecting the life of solar panels are mainly the packaging process of solar panels. Other factors include installation methods, “heat island effectâ€, maintenance, natural disasters (heavy drops such as hail) and abnormal damage. To save space, this article only discusses the impact of the solar panel packaging process on its lifetime (as shown in Table 8).
It can be seen from Table 8 that solar panels with different packaging processes have a greater impact on the “initial investment†of lighting projects using solar lamps, and will eventually be reflected in the “integrated lighting costsâ€. Moreover, if ordinary solar panels are used and the service life is short, a "solar panel renewal cost" is added to the calculation formula of "integrated lighting cost", and the total "integrated lighting cost" for solar lighting applications is inevitable. unfavorable.
2.2.2 Energy storage device
In solar luminaires, energy storage devices must be available, such as rechargeable batteries, batteries, and the like. The service life of these energy storage devices also directly affects the "integrated lighting costs" of solar lighting systems. At present, different energy storage devices have great differences in charging and discharging requirements, charging and discharging control circuits, and capacity, life, maintenance, and price. This article will discuss the characteristics of energy storage devices (as shown in Table 9).
It can be seen from Table 9 that the use of different energy storage devices has a greater impact on the “initial investment†of solar lighting projects, and will ultimately be reflected in the “integrated lighting costsâ€. Moreover, if the ordinary energy storage device is used and the service life is short, the calculation of the "integrated lighting cost" also includes an "energy storage device update cost", and the total "integrated lighting cost" for the solar lighting application is inevitable. unfavorable. However, if high-performance energy storage devices are used, their prices are currently unacceptable. The energy storage device with lower price has stricter requirements on charging and discharging. Any undercharge, overdischarge and overcharge will affect its life.
2.3 The power and actual life of LED light source is an important factor to reduce the "integrated lighting cost"
In solar applications, there are two basic expectations for LED light sources in order to reduce "integrated lighting costs":
(1) Really achieve the ideal life value, such as: tens of thousands to 100,000 hours, in order to minimize the "light source replacement cost";
(2) It has enough power to replace more traditional light sources, to save electricity and minimize the cost of “light source replacementâ€;
LED light sources are a very hot device. At present, due to the mismatch of thermal expansion characteristics and thermal resistance of many LED light sources, coupled with the user's negligence in the heat dissipation design of LED lamps, the temperature rise is too high during use, leading to early failure of LEDs, shortened lifespan, and inability to function for a long time. Durable strengths.
If the thermal performance of the LED substrate cannot be broken, the heat dissipation problem cannot be solved, and the area light-emitting density of the LED cannot be improved. The high-power LED cannot compete with the traditional light source with high light efficiency. For example, the current excellent low-power energy-saving lamp can be used for light efficiency. Up to 60lm/W, the life expectancy can reach 6000h. So, in the example of the garden scenic spot in this article, is the light source of the garden light using LED or energy-saving lamp? This problem is currently present for any lighting project that uses solar energy. In fact, this problem occurs for any illumination when selecting a light source.
The advantages of low-voltage LED operation make it the best spouse to use solar energy, which is beyond the reach of energy-saving lamps. If the LED achieves a real breakthrough in the luminous density per unit area and accelerates the development of high-power LED light sources, especially street light LED light sources, then the LED light source will be irreplaceable for a long period of time. At that time, the LED lighting project will achieve the lowest "light source replacement cost".
LEDs can really play a role in saving "integrated lighting costs."
3 Conclusion
The development of solar energy utilization technology and the market will inevitably have a positive social impact on easing the crisis of one-off energy and reducing environmental pollution. This is the fundamental reason why countries around the world are accelerating the development of solar energy.
The improvement of solar energy utilization rate, if it can truly achieve satisfactory economic benefits, will be even more powerful and contributes a lot.
In indoor and outdoor lighting projects, reducing the "comprehensive lighting cost" and improving the economic benefits of solar energy utilization are directly proportional to the lighting area and the durability of the LED light source, and if the concentrated solar power generation can also use the "renewable energy law" and the power grid Networking to sell excess power can optimize economic efficiency.
For the outdoor lighting of solar energy use in more scattered places such as garden scenic spots, roads, plazas, etc., in order to reduce the "integrated lighting cost", the larger the lighting area, the more advantageous, because it can save large cable investment compared with indoor lighting, and also Integrated solar luminaires have higher performance and quality requirements and tighter durability requirements, involving a comprehensive range of technical improvements.
As shown in the above figure, efforts to cross the “tipping point†will be a breakthrough point for solar lighting to achieve social and economic benefits, as well as the inevitable result of the comprehensive technical level of solar lighting equipment and the new height of scale production.
Electronic Transformer,Single Phase Transformer ,Step Up Transformer ,Auto Transformer
Power Adaptor Co., Ltd. , http://www.nbadapter.com