How many PCBs are part of the system, and how should the ground connections between them be properly routed?
When connecting signals or power between different PCB boards—such as from board A to board B—it's important to understand that current must return through a ground path. According to Kirchhoff’s Current Law, the amount of current leaving the power or signal source on one board must equal the amount returning through the ground. This return path will take the route of least impedance, which is why it's crucial to ensure sufficient ground pins at each interface.
Having too few ground connections can increase the overall impedance, leading to higher noise on the ground plane. This noise can cause interference with sensitive signals and degrade the overall performance of the system. Therefore, when designing multi-board systems, it's recommended to allocate enough ground pins at each connection point to maintain low impedance and minimize noise coupling.
Additionally, analyzing the entire current loop, especially for high-current paths, is essential. By strategically placing low-impedance ground connections, you can control where the current flows, reducing its impact on other parts of the circuit. For example, by creating a dedicated low-impedance return path, most of the current can be directed through that area, protecting more sensitive signals from interference.
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