Whenever and wherever, the added value of connectivity is accelerating the development of the connected world or the online society. In 2013, mobile phone users accounted for 96% of the world's population, while in developed countries, 74% of people use mobile broadband services. By 2019, wireless data network traffic is expected to increase by a factor of 10, and almost everyone on the planet will become a mobile business user.
On the other hand, the competition for bandwidth between machines will also intensify. You may not know that in a multinational flight, a jet will collect more than half a terabyte of sensor data, and most of this data needs to be transmitted back to the ground station. Or, just a single sensor on a single blade of a gas turbine engine produces several gigabytes of data per day.
A variety of factors have contributed to this exponential growth in demand for wireless connectivity. New applications and data-intensive content are being transferred quickly using wireless communication circuits. Streaming media and cloud-based services account for up to 80% of wireless infrastructure payloads. And the upcoming higher resolution video content will further drive the demand for higher bandwidth.
Wireless connections are rapidly replacing many different forms of cable connections. In many parts of the world, wireless is the primary means of broadband access. In addition, many portable devices no longer provide a USB or display interface, but instead pass all communications to the wireless communication circuitry. We also see that more and more devices are communicating wirelessly with each other without excessive human intervention. The deployment of machine type communication is increasing in industrial and commercial applications as well as other wireless sensor networks.
Cloud computing services are also experiencing rapid growth as computing tasks and storage for end devices are shifting to cloud resources. Such as carpooling, drone remote sensing and many other applications are also emerging in the new mobile business space, which will further increase the wireless traffic load between the device and the cloud server.
Therefore, in the process of promoting the breakthrough technology of 5G standard, there are two main factors: First, optimize and enhance existing wireless use cases to increase network capacity by more than 100 times. Second, reduce latency by a factor of 10 to support new services such as machine types, vehicle communications, and other mission-critical low-latency applications. In this article, we will review some of the requirements and development prospects of the 5G standard, explain its impact, and introduce TI's strong product portfolio for future wireless infrastructure.
4 main attributes of the next generation 5G wireless network
Capacity increase and spectrum efficiency : From 2014 to 2020, global wireless data demand is expected to increase by 30 times. In order to meet such rapid growth, the 5G standard will achieve 10 times capacity increase and 3 times spectrum efficiency as targets. The price of the spectrum is relatively low and relatively scarce, with the recent average price of $2 per MHz per MHz. The 5G standard will use existing licensed and license-exempt bands, as well as new spectrum and millimeter-wave frequencies below 6 GHz in the cellular band. In addition, it will deploy a number of advanced technologies such as spectrum sharing, massive antennas, small base station technology and multi-band aggregation to efficiently utilize relatively expensive spectrum in new services.
Development, flexibility and heterogeneity : The new 5G standard will require some flexibility to keep up with the evolving ecosystem and new applications. The demand for latency and bandwidth is also evolving for new mobile applications and services on portable devices, emerging automotive communications, industrial Internet and other devices. 5G will benefit from the evolution of existing cellular standards. In addition, it will coordinate and optimize existing radio lines in licensed and unlicensed bands, including WiFi and new radio technologies in the millimeter-wave spectrum for those ultra-dense areas.
Quality of Service : The future wireless system is expected to solve problems that have long plagued users, such as call interruption, poor coverage, and slow download speed. There are significant differences in quality of service measures for different applications. Low latency in high-reliability vehicle or machine-type communications, high data bandwidth in streaming video, and good coverage required by users are critical to the widespread adoption of wireless services.
Energy efficiency : For consumers and service providers, the longer battery life of portable devices and the energy efficiency of “green†access points are critical. Many M2M networks have relatively low duty cycles and a large number of nodes, while video streams that require higher peak data rates have fewer nodes. Therefore, an adaptive wireless resource allocation can optimize the configuration to improve energy efficiency.
Achieve 5G innovation
In the years to come, the 5G architecture will continue to evolve at the network, wireless access and physical layers. Its implementation of enhanced and breakthrough services requires all levels of innovation. At TI, we have extensive R&D projects covering a wide range of innovative product portfolios that will drive the development of 5G radios. E.g:
High-speed data acquisition: 5G wide bandwidth and multi-radio characteristics require a range of wideband ultra-high speed ADCs and DACs to provide maximum flexibility and a robust front end that supports multiple frequency bands and standards.
Advanced RF Domain Processing with Massive MIMO : The number of power amplifiers, antennas, filters, and matching circuits in 5G can be as high as 64 or more. The increased efficiency and integration of these components is critical to the overall energy efficiency and performance of the radio.
Clock and Timing: High-speed data acquisition and high-performance, wide-band radios require ultra-low jitter timing and frequency references. The spectral agility of the 5G radio further exacerbates the need for a fast lock reference.
Millimeter wave technology : Highly integrated multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radio with a large number of antennas at 27 GHz and above is the key to 5G systems.
Power Management : Intelligent power management for next-generation radios provides remote monitoring and communication for distributed power management, and optimized adaptive reconfiguration for variable loads and flows.
Seamless and ubiquitous connectivity will continue to be the main engine of economic development and provide unprecedented business opportunities. It will also have a profound impact on social interaction and globalization. In addition, emerging machine-type communications will lead to higher productivity and efficiency in many market segments. Breakthrough innovation is indispensable for the realization of this vision. At TI, we will do our best to achieve this goal.
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